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Understanding pine weevil [Hylobius abietis (L.)] feeding preferences and their relations to chemical defenses of pines may lead to improved protection of conifer seedlings across Europe and Asia. Previous studies showed reduced weevil damage in methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treated seedlings and that weevil preference for Monterey pine (Pinus radiata Ait.) or Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster D. Don) depended...
Key message The rapid production of a large, deep root system during seedling establishment is critical for pines to colonize dry Mediterranean locations. Abstract Root properties can influence plant drought resistance, and consequently plant species distribution. Root structure strongly varies across biomes partly as a result of phylogeny. However, whether the spatial distribution of phylogenetically...
Key message Bark thickness relative to stem diameter and radial stemwood and height growth patterns provided a more accurate discrimination of fire resistance than absolute bark thickness alone in juvenile stems. Abstract Thick bark provides thermal protection to cambial tissues and adventitious buds during fires, and thus, is a functional trait associated with more fire-resistant species and species...
Key message Bud break in European beech is generally known to be under strong photoperiodic control, but our data indicate that bud break in the northernmost populations is temperature limited. Abstract European beech (Fagus sylvatica) is among the dominant tree species in Europe, and is expected to increase its distribution northwards due to climate change. Although spring bud break in European...
Key message Mg deficiency affected only the differentiation zone in Citrus sinensis roots. Phloem impairment in Mg-deficient leaves resulted in cell wall lignifications of both vascular cambium and spongy parenchyma cells. Decrease of Mg content in the roots hampered secondary lignification of endodermal and protoxylem cell walls. Abstract Magnesium (Mg) is a vital nutrient for plant photosynthesis...
Key message Massive infection of Populus × petrovskiana leaves by petiole gall aphids (Pemphigus spyrothecae) significantly decreased leaf dry mass per unit area, N content per dry mass and net assimilation rate per area, and increased stomatal conductance, leaf dry mass per fresh mass, and constitutive emissions of isoprene. The infection also induced emissions of green leaf volatiles, monoterpenes...
Key message Rhododendron × pulchrum avoided air pollution by adjusting its stomatal density, while Ginkgo biloba tolerated air pollution via a small stomatal density and high mesophyll thickness. Abstract Information on the physiological mechanisms underlying species-specific photosynthetic responses to ambient air pollution is essential for enhancing the multiple services provided by urban trees...
Key message Changes in tree’s climate sensitivity during their ontogenetic development is best assessed with stem diameter classes, which can be calculated retrospectively from the cumulative ring width. Abstract Climate affects tree growth but the effect size can be modulated by other variables, including tree’s age and size. To assess how climate sensitivity changes over the life of a tree, previous...
Key message Although the radial diameter and wall thickness of conifer tracheids from dry environments are climatic-sensitive across the full ring area, each cell parameter has a specific zone in a ring where its climatic response reaches the maximum. Abstract Seasonal dynamics of the timing and rate in cell production and differentiation imprint climate signals into intra-ring variations of anatomical...
Key message In Magnolia sinostellata plants grown under shading and waterlogging conditions, solar noon PFD level of 1050 ± 30 µmol·m− 2·s− 1 and running water combined treatment (L1W2) triggers changes in chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis, which benefits growth of this endangered species. Abstract Magnolias are widely used as ornamental plants in cities, but they are facing extinction in...
Key message The present study identified Ficus palmata as a new natural host of Apple stem grooving virus. Abstract Ficus palmata, growing in the campus of CSIR-IHBT, was found to exhibit virus-like symptoms which include necrotic and chlorotic spots, chlorosis, leaf deformation and marginal chlorosis. Surveys were conducted in three different areas of district Kangra; leaf samples from symptomatic...
Key message Element profile signatures of needle tissues differentiated four tissues: epidermis (main contributor: calcium), endodermis (main contributors: magnesium, sulphur and manganese), mesophyll (main contributor: potassium), and transfusion parenchyma (main contributor: zinc). Abstract Distribution of elements in cross-sections of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles was investigated...
Key message The proposed height–diameter model applicable to many tree species in the multi-layered and mixed stands across Czech Republic shows a high accuracy in the height prediction. This model can be useful for estimating forest yield and biomass, and simulation of the vertical stand structures. Abstract We developed a generalized nonlinear mixed-effects height–diameter (H–D) model applicable...
Key message The Mexican beech undergoes masting events, on average, every 5.5 years. These events depend directly on precipitation. Abstract Climate change has considerably impacted the protective functions of tropical montane cloud forests, possibly influencing the synchronicity of phenological processes and the distribution and physiology of plants. In particular, climatic fluctuations cause changes...
Key message Increasing water use patterns were more spatially restricted than increased nitrogen in leaves and litterfall in mid-canopy sweetgum trees of varying proximity to overstory pines undergoing mortality. Abstract Ecosystem changes following selective mortality of individual trees can be difficult to predict and depend on the response of surviving trees in the ecosystem. In the southeastern...
Key message Crown, height and stem allometry vary with stand density and species composition, the plasticity in response to inter- and intra-specific competitions being related to species shade tolerances. Abstract Determining the way in which variability in tree allometry is modulated by intra- and inter-specific competitions in different species and stand compositions is of particular interest...
Key message Rootstock variety influences leaf metabolic profiles in a grafted citrus tree, but influence also depends on the scion. Abstract Proper selection of rootstocks in tree fruit crops such as citrus is important for successful production. Despite a large number of commercially available rootstocks, studies have mostly been limited to basic horticultural observations. We used untargeted gas...
GRAS (GAI, RGA and SCR) domain proteins are plant-specific transcriptional regulators that play roles in developmental processes and stress responses. However, the function and molecular regulatory networks of woody plant GRAS under various physiological conditions are still unclear. As a step toward understanding the GRAS function in plants under diverse environmental stimuli, a total of 12 GRAS...
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